![]() When Marcelino Sanz de Sautuola first encountered the Magdalenian paintings of the Altamira cave, Cantabria, Spain in 1879, the academics of the time considered them hoaxes. ![]() One well-known example is the rock paintings of Astuvansalmi in the Saimaa area of Finland. Rock painting was also performed on cliff faces, but fewer of those have survived because of erosion. ![]() Other cave painting sites include Lascaux, Cave of Altamira, Grotte de Cussac, Pech Merle, Cave of Niaux, Chauvet Cave, Font-de-Gaume, Creswell Crags, Nottinghamshire, England, (Cave etchings and bas-reliefs discovered in 2003), Coliboaia cave from Romania (considered the oldest cave painting in central Europe) and Magura, Belogradchik, Bulgaria. The oldest European cave art dates back 40,800, and can be found in the El Castillo Cave in Spain. With the beginning of the Mesolithic in Europe figurative sculpture greatly reduced, and remained a less common element in art than relief decoration of practical objects until the Roman period, despite some works such as the Gundestrup cauldron from the European Iron Age and the Bronze Age Trundholm sun chariot. The Swimming Reindeer of about 11,000 BCE is one of the finest of a number of Magdalenian carvings in bone or antler of animals in the art of the Upper Paleolithic, though they are outnumbered by engraved pieces, which are sometimes classified as sculpture. Much surviving prehistoric art is small portable sculptures, with a small group of female Venus figurines such as the Venus of Willendorf (24,000–22,000 BC) found across central Europe the 30 cm tall Löwenmensch figurine of about 30,000 BCE has hardly any pieces that can be related to it. 26,000 BC (the Gravettian period) limestone with ocre coloring Naturhistorisches Museum ( Vienna, Austria) Broadly the periods are, Classical, Byzantine, Medieval, Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Rococo, Neoclassical, Modern, Postmodern and New European Painting. Most art of the last 200 years has been produced without reference to religion and often with no particular ideology at all, but art has often been influenced by political issues, whether reflecting the concerns of patrons or the artist.Įuropean art is arranged into a number of stylistic periods, which, historically, overlap each other as different styles flourished in different areas. In the same period there was also a renewed interest in classical mythology, great wars, heroes and heroines, and themese not connected to religion. īefore the 1800s, the Christian church was a major influence upon European art, and commissions from the Church provided the major source of work for artists. The influence of the art of the Classical period waxed and waned throughout the next two thousand years, seeming to slip into a distant memory in parts of the Medieval period, to re-emerge in the Renaissance, suffer a period of what some early art historians viewed as "decay" during the Baroque period, to reappear in a refined form in Neo-Classicism and to be reborn in Post-Modernism. However a consistent pattern of artistic development within Europe becomes clear only with Ancient Greek art, which was adopted and transformed by Rome and carried with the Roman Empire, across much of Europe, North Africa and Western Asia. ![]() Written histories of European art often begin with the Aegean civilizations, dating from the 3rd millennium BC. European prehistoric art started as mobile Upper Paleolithic rock and cave painting and petroglyph art and was characteristic of the period between the Paleolithic and the Iron Age. The art of Europe, or Western art, encompasses the history of visual art in Europe. ![]()
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